Mammal
Cheetah
Acinonyx jubatus
The cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, the fastest predator, is threatened with extinction, mainly due to habitat loss, inbreeding and high juvenile mortality.
Lifestyle
Females live alone, accompanied by their offspring. They are not territorial but avoid each other, unlike males, who may remain in sibling groups. The strongest male will mate with one or more females living in his territory. The pair will remain together for only one or two days. Births take place in a secluded location.
During the first three months of their lives, young cheetahs have a silvery mane along their backs, which helps them blend into the grass. However, their mothers move them almost every day to avoid predators. Despite this, more than 90% of young cheetahs do not reach the age of one, with the majority being killed by lions and hyenas.
Those who are fortunate enough to survive will leave their mothers at around 20 months of age.
Distinctive features
A slender, streamlined body, a very flexible spine, a tail that acts as a counterweight, long legs, semi-retractable claws, highly developed lungs: the cheetah has everything it takes to be the fastest mammal on the planet! Unlike other felines that hunt at night, it hunts during the day, by sight, in open terrain.
Although it can reach speeds of up to 110 km/h, it cannot sustain this pace for more than 400 metres! This sprinter then needs to recover, a delicate moment during which, if it has managed to capture its prey, it may, breathless and powerless, have it stolen by a hyena. To ensure that the effort expended does not exceed the energy it will gain from its prey, it prefers to attack animals that are injured, sick, old or very young, as they are easier to catch...
The cheetah threatened with extinction
Guépard
© MNHN - F.-G. GrandinThe cheetah was a highly sought-after pet, trained for hunting in ancient Egypt and until the 19th century in Persia and Arabia. Intensive hunting of this animal, which is very difficult to breed in captivity, led to a critical decline in its population. Often hunted for its fur or killed by farmers to protect their livestock, the cheetah has become a species truly threatened with extinction. There are believed to be no more than 10,000 individuals left in the wild.
High inbreeding leading to poor reproduction rates, genetic abnormalities, high susceptibility to disease, combined with the fragmentation of its increasingly restricted habitat, make its reproduction very difficult. Its survival depends in part on breeding programmes and research into its behaviour, nutrition and reproduction.
The Asian subspecies, which now only lives in Iran, is on the verge of extinction with around sixty individuals remaining in the wild.
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