Mammal

Red panda

Ailurus fulgens

The only representative of its family, the Ailuridae, the red panda is a carnivore with a vegetarian diet! Habitat fragmentation is the main threat to this species, whose numbers are unfortunately declining.

The unique look of the red panda

Panda roux (Ailurus fulgens) à la Ménagerie

© MNHN - E. Baril

It is difficult to confuse the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) with any other species, as its appearance is so unusual! As its name suggests, the red panda has red fur on its back and sides. Its belly and legs are black, while its muzzle, eyebrows, cheeks and ears are white. It also has a long, bushy tail that acts as a counterweight, which is useful for moving around in the forests of the Himalayas, its natural habitat. Powerful, semi-retractable claws complete its arsenal, enabling it to climb trees efficiently. 

A vegetarian carnivore

Although it belongs to the order Carnivora, like bears and wolves, the red panda has a vegetarian diet! It feeds mainly (90%) on bamboo leaves and may occasionally supplement its diet with small meat prey or eggs. The red panda's adaptation to this very specific diet is reflected in the presence of a "sixth finger", a bony protrusion that allows it to easily grasp thin, flexible bamboo branches. As the leaves it feeds on are very low in nutrients, the red panda spends more than 70% of its day eating and searching for food! 

Arboreal, this panda rarely touches the ground, only descending to change trees! Nocturnal in nature, it leads a solitary life, and although the territories of males and females may overlap, pairs only meet and form during mating season. The female gives birth to her young, usually two, in the shelter of a tree hollow or den. At birth, they measure no more than 6 centimetres and weigh around 100 grams.

Panda roux (Ailurus fulgens)

© MNHN - E. Baril

Panda roux (Ailurus fulgens)

© MNHN - E. Baril

Did you know?

The red panda, or lesser panda, was successively classified with raccoons and then, like the giant panda, with bears. Molecular genetic research has shown that it is in fact the only member of the Ailuridae family. The name "panda" is thought to derive from a Nepalese word meaning "bamboo eater".

A particularly vulnerable panda

Although protected across one-third of its range, the red panda population continues to decline and is now estimated at less than 10,000 individuals. The species is now classified as "endangered" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's global red list.

Long hunted for its fur, today it is deforestation that remains the greatest threat to the red panda: it reduces its food resources and causes worrying fragmentation of the population.

A baby boum

Examen médical d'un des jeunes pandas roux (Ailurus fulgens) nés à la Ménagerie en 2025

© MNHN - E. Baril

On June 26, 2026, a male red panda was born at the Ménagerie, le zoo du Jardin des Plantes.  

This adds to the birth of two red pandas at the Ménagerie last year, on June 12, 2025. Three days later, two red pandas at la Réserve zoologique de la Haute-Touche gave birth to two cubs. These rare events illustrate the commitment of the National Museum of Natural History to the conservation of this endangered species.

The Museum's zoos participate in the European breeding programme for the conservation of red pandas and in the financing of organisations working in the field to preserve habitats, replant forests with the help of villagers, study the species and train guards to reduce poaching. Raising public awareness of respect for nature and alternative farming methods also contributes to the protection of its habitat.

This birth is a victory for biodiversity. European zoos are home to more than 400 red pandas, representing more than 5% of the global population. And we can say that in the future, if red pandas become even more endangered in the wild [...], and if we need to reinforce the population, we will have a reserve population.
Aude Bourgeois, head of the Ménagerie, zoo du Jardin des Plantes.

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