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Cybium,
Revue
Internationale dIchtyologie |
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Reproductive biology of the blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) off West and North African coasts Christian CAPAPÉ (1), Amadou Abdoulaye SECK (2), Youssouph DIATTA (3) Christian REYNAUD (1), Farid HEMIDA (4) & Jeanne ZAOUALI (1) (1) Laboratoire
dIchtyologie, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques
du Languedoc, 34095 Montpellier cedex
5, FRANCE. Abstract.
- The blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, is commonly captured
along the west coast of Africa and rarely in the Mediterranean, where
it was recorded in the Gulf of Gabès (southern Tunisia). Following
competition pressure from its sympatric species, the sandbar shark, C.
plumbeus and the spinner shark, C. brevipinna, it migrated
northward into the Gulf of Tunis and off the Algerian coast. Adult males
and females reached over 167 cm and 178 cm total length (TL), respectively.
The largest male and the largest female were 216 cm and 245 cm TL, respectively.
They were no significant differences of relationship of mass versus
TL between males and females. C. limbatus is a placental viviparous
elasmobranch. Adult females had a single ovary and two functional uteri,
in which encapsulated eggs and embryos were not equally distributed. Mating
occurred in Spring or in early Summer, with parturition in July. Gestation
lasted approximately one year. There is perhaps a biannual reproductive
cycle. In some specimens, vitellogenesis proceeded in parallel with gestation.
Diameter of the largest yellow yolked oocytes ranged from 23 to 25 mm
(mean: 23.95 ± 0.80) and their mass from 5.9 to 8.4 g (mean: 7.48
± 0.92). Both uteri were compartmentalised into chambers and a
single embryo developed in each chamber. Size and mass at birth, based
on fully developed embryos, and the smallest free-swimming specimens (neonates)
were between 61-65 cm TL and 0.935-1.375 kg respectively. A chemical balance
of development based on mean dry masses of the largest yellow yolked oocytes
and the fully developed embryos was # 69. It was the highest value ever
computed in a viviparous elasmobranch, and confirmed that C. limbatus
is a matrotrophic species. Ovarian fecundity was slightly higher than
uterine fecundity. There was a slight relationship between the two categories
of fecundity and the females TL. Litter sizes ranged from 6 to 8. Among
the embryos and the free-swimming specimens the females outnumbered the
males ones. This was not the case for the adults. |
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