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Cybium,
Revue
Internationale dIchtyologie |
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The different colour varieties of the Asian arowana Scleropages formosus (Osteoglossidae) are distinct species: Morphologic and genetic evidences Laurent POUYAUD (1), SUDARTO (2) & Guy G. TEUGELS (3) (1) Institut
de Recherches pour le Développement (IRD), Instalasi Penelitian
Perikanan Air Tawar, Jalan Ragunan-Pasar Minggu, P.O. Box 7220/jkspm,
Jakarta 12540, INDONESIA; Present address: Institut de Recherches pour
le Développement (IRD-ORSTOM), GAMET, B.P. 5095, F-34033 Montpellier
cedex 01, FRANCE. Abstract.
- Description of three new species within Scleropages formosus.
Phylogenetic analysis of partial mitochondrial sequence variation of the
cytochrome b gene was undertaken on several colour varieties of S.
formosus and revealed that each colour variant represented a distinct
monophyletic entity. Because these results were supported by morphological
data, it is concluded that S. formosus is composed of four distinct
species, of which three are new to science. Scleropages formosus
(Müller & Schlegel, 1844) is restricted to the green variety
and is characterised by long maxillaries reaching far behind the eyes
(upper jaw length: 106.2-109.2% HL), a low head depth (86.5-101.2% HL),
a narrow head width (65.3-74.0% HL), a long pre-pectoral length (25.0-27.2%
SL), a short pectoral-pelvic length (27.8-30.4% SL) a short pre-anal length
(68.6-72.4% SL) and a short anal fin length (25.9-28.0% SL). Scleropages
macrocephalus sp. nov. also known as the Silver variety in the aquarium
trade (including those with yellow or grey tails) is characterised by
long maxillaries reaching the posterior border of eyes (upper jaw length:
106.3-108.9% HL), a high head depth (106.3-116.0% HL), a broad head width
(76.3-82.5% HL), a long pre-pectoral length (25.3-27.4% SL), a long pectoral-pelvic
length (31.2-35.3% SL), a long pre-anal length (73.2-77.2% SL) and a short
anal fin length (24.7-27.6% SL). Scleropages aureus sp. nov. known
as the Red Tail Golden in the aquarium trade is distinguished by short
maxillaries never reaching the posterior border of eyes (its length: 99.1-101.8%
HL), a high head depth (104.8-110.0% HL), a narrow head width (68.6-73.8%
HL), a relative intermediate pre-pectoral length (23.9-24.6% SL), a short
pectoral-pelvic length (28.3-30.1% SL), a short pre-anal length (68.9-71.0%
SL) and a long anal fin (28.7-29.6% SL). Scleropages legendrei
sp. nov. which is known as the Super Red arowana in the aquarium trade
is diagnosed by its very short maxillaries only reaching the middle of
eyes (its length: 95.9-97.7% HL), a low head depth (90.1-102.3% HL), a
narrow head width (65.9-73.9% HL), a short pre-pectoral length (22.2-23.4%
SL), a short pectoral-pelvic length (28.6-30.6% SL), a short pre-anal
length (68.3-72.1% SL) and a short anal fin (25.6-27.9% SL). The occurrence
of first generation hybrids specimens was observed in some Indonesian
farms mainly between S. legendrei and S. macrocephalus.
These specimens are easily distinguished from their parental species by
their intermediate morphological and molecular characters. |
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