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Cybium,
Revue
Internationale dIchtyologie |
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The branchial basket in teleost feeding Pierre VANDEWALLE, Éric PARMENTIER & Michel CHARDON (1) (1) Université
de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Laboratoire de Morphologie fonctionnelle
et évolutive, Bâtiment B6, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège,
BELGIUM. Abstract.
- In teleosts, feeding is effected principally by suction and food
is handled by the branchial basket. Preys are carried to the oesophagus
by the pharyngeal jaws (PJs). The pharyngobranchial bones constitute the
upper pharyngeal jaws (UPJs) and the 5th ceratobranchial bones, the lower
pharyngeal jaws (LPJs). In lower teleosts, these jaws have well-separated
spindly parts attached to the neurocranium, pectoral girdle, and hyoid
bar; they only transport food and LPJ activity predominates. In acanthopterygians,
the PJs become stronger, the left and right ceratobranchials fuse into
one LPJ, and the pharyngobranchials join together to form two big UPJs
articulating with the neurocranium. In labrids and scarids, the LPJ is
also joined to the pectoral girdle. In acanthopterygians, a new retractor
dorsalis muscle gives the UPJs the major role in food chewing and transport.
Cypriniforms have developed original PJs with strong 5th ceratobranchials
opposed to a postero-ventral neurocranial plate. Small-sized preys and
food particles are seized by the gill rakers, small skeletal pieces supported
by the branchial arches. Key-words. - Teleosts - Branchial basket - Pharyngeal jaws - Gill rakers - Feeding. |
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