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Cybium,
International Journal of Ichthyology |
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Phylogenetical relationships and palaeozoogeography of the marine Cretaceous Tselfatiiformes (Teleostei, Clupeocephala) Louis TAVERNE (1) & Mireille GAYET (2) (1) Université
Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, Département de
Biologie des Organismes, Unité de Morphologie fonctionnelle (C.P.
160/11), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Bruxelles, BELGIQUE. Abstract.
- The order Tselfatiiformes comprises three families, the Protobramidae
(three genera and four species), the Eoplethodidae (one genus and one
species) and the Plethodidae (seventeen genera and twenty-seven species).
Although very specialised, the Protobramidae are the most primitive family
within the order. Eoplethodidae, only known by the caudal skeleton, are
less evolved than the Plethodidae. Within the Plethodidae, Paranogmius,
the only one keeping a subtemporal fossa, is the most plesiomorphic genus.
A more apomorphic clade unites together Bananogmius, Niobrara, Syntegmodus
and Luxilites. Another clade still more apomorphic joins Martinichthys,
Pseudothryptodus, Thryptodus and Plethodus. Pseudanogmius, Pentanogmius,
Zanclites and Bachea are successively more and more specialised
genera. Enischnorhynchus, Tselfatia and Dixonanogmius, with
their skull roof strongly curved in cross-section, represent the most
advanced clade. Moorevillia, characterised by its latero-parietal
skull, could not be classified unambiguously within the family. The relative
positions of the Tselfatiiformes and the Pachyrhizodontoidei within the
Clupeocephala are discussed. The latter are considered to be more primitive
than the former. The paleozoogeography of the Tselfatiiformes is also
considered. They appear in the Eurafrican Mesogea during the Albian and
expand there during the Cenomanian and Turonian. During the same period,
they get across the Proto-Atlantic Ocean and colonize the north of South
America, the Gulf of Mexico, Central America and the North American seaway.
During the Coniacian and Santonian, they are abundant in North America
but seem to be absent from the Eurafrican Mesogea. A few species subsist
in the Gulf of Mexico and in Egypt during the Campanian. The Tselfatiiformes
disappear after the Campanian. |
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