Type species:Spongosaturnalis (?) diplocyclis   Yao (OD)
Description:Der Doppelring bis dreifache Ring schließt eine einfache Poren reiher ein und weist innen zwei polare oder vier bis fünf Radialstäbe auf, an denen eine spongiöse Schale befestigt ist. Am Außenanddes sekündaren Ringes befinden sich mäßig lange Stacheln.
[Double to triple ring with a simple row of pores, presenting in the inner part two polar or four to five radial beams related to a spongious shell. Moderately long spines on the external side of the second ring.]
Remarks:Bei Heliosaturnalis n.gen. ist der innere Ring fest mit der Schale verbunden. Bei Pseudosaturnalis ist der sekundäre Ring von zahlreichen Poren durchbrochen.
[In Heliosaturnalis the inner ring is strongly related to the shell. In Pseudosaturnalis the second ring is perforated by numerous pores.
Stratigraphic range:Late Triassic, Jurassic, ? Cretaceous, Mesozoic.
Etymology:Formed by the association of the prefix Para and Saturnalis.
Subsequent descriptions:YES

Description and dimensions:Spongosaturnalid with double ring, and with second spines on second ring. Shell not preserved, but fragmentary thorns on sturdy spines probably indicate that shell may be spongy. Polar spines a little long or short, somewhat thin, with no ridge. Ring double, first (inner) ring and second (outer) ring, joined by bars (called as first spines), bilaterally symmetrical, circular to subcircular, with smooth surface, and no ridge. First ring curves smoothly, with no auxiliary spine on inner margin. Second ring slightly waves with short wavelength, but in some specimens curves smoothly. Thirteen or more first spines (bars) on first ring, constant in size and shape, joining with second ring. Thirteen or more second spines on second ring, situated respectively at middle point of part joined with first spines, short, thornlike or low protrusive, with rounded or somewhat sharp ends. Spaces enclosed by both rings and first spines, elliptical or subrectangular. One space at end of each polar spine generally larger than others, and in some specimens divided in two parts by transversal bar.       Diameter of first ring along polar spines 150-203µm, diameter of first ring transversely 190-315µm, diameter of second ring along polar spines 230-330µm, transversaly 230-350µm, diameter of shell 100-126µm, length of polar spine 13-30µm.

Remarks:Although only eight specimens, which are represented by fragmentary ring, were found, this species is established because of the morphological feature lacking auxiliary spines. ?S. catadelos, having a more complicated ring, is described by Foreman (1968, p. 11-12, pl. 1, figs. la-f; Latest Cretaceous, Moreno formation, California). The ring of ?S. catadelos is broad and flat, and perforated by numerous pores arranging in some measure of regularity. It probably indicates that the complicated ring is a combination of the fundamental rings (first ring, second ring etc.) and spines (first spines, second spines etc.). There is considerable variation in the number of spine among specimens.
Repository:Holotype: No. OCU MR 2056 (IN 7-8, 07/68), Dept. of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Osaka City University, Japan.
Type locality:Manganese carbonate ore, Mino Belt, river side of the Kiso, east of Unuma, Kagamihara City, Gifu Pref. Central Japan.
Original stratigraphic range:Mesozoic.
Etymology:[No information given]
Subsequent descriptions:?

Literature cited:- Foreman, H. P. (1968). Upper Maestrichtian Radiolaria of California. The Palaeontological Association, Special Papers in Palaeontology 3: 1-82.
- Kozur, H. and H. Mostler (1972). Beiträge zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil I: Revision der Überfamilie Coccodiscacea Haeckel 1862 emend. und Beschreibung ihrer triassischen Vertreter. Geologisch Ð Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2: 60.
- Yao, A. (1972). Radiolarian fauna from the Mino Belt in the northern part of the Inuyama Area, Central Japan, Part I: Spongosaturnalids. Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University 15: 21-65.