KOZURASTRUM n. gen. De Wever, 1984a, p. 17
[In French. Translation by J.P.C.]
Type species:Spongosaturnalis minoensis Yao (OD)
Description:Saturnalinae pourvu de rayons auxiliaires et/ou subsidiaires; pourvu ou non d'une carène sur l'anneau.
[Saturnalinae with auxiliary and/or secondary rays; with or without a keel around the ring.]
Remarks:Kozurastrum diffère de (1) Acanthocircus par la présence de ses épines et de ses rayons auxiliaires, (2) Mesosaturnalis par la présence de ses rayons auxiliaires, (3) Parasaturnalis par son anneau simple et (4) des autres Saturnalides par l'existence d'épines péripolaires. Comme pour Acanthocircus et Mesosaturnalis il existe des formes triasico-liasiques dépourvues de carène sur l'anneau et des formes plus récentes (Lias supérieur ? - Dogger ?) pourvues d'une carène.
[Kozurastrum differs from (1) Acanthocircus by spines and auxiliary rays, (2) Mesosaturnalis by auxiliary rays, (3) Parasaturnalis by a simple ring, and (4) other Saturnalids by peripolar spines. As for Acanthocircus and Mesosaturnalis there are Triassic-Lias forms without a keel and youger forms (Late Lias ? to Dogger ?) with a keel.]
Stratigraphic range:Triassic - Lias - (Dogger ?). Mesozoic.
Etymology:In honor to H. Kozur (Hungaria) for his voluminous work on radiolarians.
Subsequent descriptions:YES
Synonymized with YAOSATURNALISDe Wever, 1984, by Kozur and Mostler, 1990, p.206.
Spongosaturnalis minoensis n. sp. Yao, 1972, p. 32.
(Pl. 7, figs. 1-5 )
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Description and dimensions:Spongosaturnalid with auxiliary spines on inner margin of ring, and with subhexagonal ring and six spines.
Complete shell not seen, but shell fragments, which are loosely spongy, are partially preserved on sturdy spines and on auxiliary spines. Polar spines short, a little thin, with no ridge. Ring bilaterally symmetrical, subhexagonal, with clear ridge on outer edge. Spines long or somewhat short, slightly slender or thick, of sharp tip, with clear ridges. Two or three auxiliary spines are present oppositely on inner margin of ring, at or near terminal ends. Auxiliary spines short, conical, smooth, with broken sharp end, and in some specimens fragmentary thorns present at tip of them.
Diameter of ring along polar spines 139-186µm, diameter of ring transversely 145-190µm, diameter of shell 80-110µm, length of polar spine 10-25µm, length of auxiliary spine 5-15µm.
Remarks:The presence or absence of auxiliary spines is here regarded as a distinguishing feature at the specific level.
This species differs from S.? hexagonus in having auxiliary spines on the inner margin of the saturnalin ring, although they resemble each other in other morphological elements. Foreman reported spongosaturnalids with auxiliary spines (1971, pl. 1, figs. 6 and 8) from the Cretaceous sediments core taken at Site 61 in west margin of East Mariana Basin through the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Foreman's species illustrated there have numerous (more than ten) auxiliary spines, and fragmentary thorns attached to the tip of them. It was considered by her that a spongy shell almost completely filled the space enclosed by the ring. This interpretation appears to be reasonable concerning these species.
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Repository:Holotype: OCU MR 2050 (IN 3-3-6, 17/96). Paratype: OCU MR 2051 (IN 11-9, 10/85). Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Osaka City University.
Type locality:Manganese carbonate ore, Mino Belt, river side of the Kiso, east of Unuma, Kagamihara City, Gifu Pref. Central Japan.
Original stratigraphic range:Mesozoic.
Etymology:[No information given]
Subsequent descriptions:?
Literature cited:- De Wever, P. (1984a). Révision des radiolaires mésozoiques de type Saturnalidae, proposition d'une nouvelle classification (Revision of Mesozoic saturnalid-type radiolarians. Proposition of a new classification). Revue de Micropaléontologie 27(1): 10-19.
- Foreman, H. P. (1971). Cretaceous Radiolaria, Leg 7, DSDP. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. E. L. Winterer, W. R. Riedel et. Al. Washington, D.C., U. S. Government Printing Office. 7: 1673-1693.
- Yao, A. (1972). Radiolarian fauna from the Mino Belt in the northern part of the Inuyama Area, Central Japan, Part I: Spongosaturnalids. Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University 15: 21-65.
