Type species:Kashiwara magna Sashida and Tonishi (monotypy)
Description:"Palaeoactinommids" consists [sic] of two spherical lattice shells with four main spines. Four primary radial beams connecting with the inner and outer shells with the main spines. Kashiwara n. gen. is characterized by large (410-450µm) and thick outer shell with large subcircular pores and the four tetrahedral main spines.
Remarks:This new genus resembles the genus Triaenosphaera Deflandre, 1973c, in lattice shell bearing four tetrahedral spines. However, Triaenosphaera has only single spherical shell.
Stratigraphic range:Guadalupian or more younger, Late Permian. Paleozoic.
Etymology:This genus is named for the local geographic name, Kashiwara, located at the west of Itsukaichi.
Subsequent descriptions:?

Description and dimensions:Two spherical lattice shells with four main spines. Outer shell large (410-450µm) and thick. Small thorn-like by-spines disposed on inner lattice shell. The skeleton consists of two spherical lattice shells with four main spines. The outer shell is large and thick, and has circular to sub-circular pores of rather regular size. Pores are thirteen to sixteen per half a shell circumference. Pore rim is hexagonal. Small nodes are usually observed at the junction of intervening bars. The inner side of shell is smooth. The main spine is sturdy and rather short for the size of outer shell. It is three-bladed, rarely four-bladed, just like a bundle of three thin rods, and gently tapers. Its length is variable, but the longest spine is almost half of outer shell. The ridge and grooves of main spines rarely display torsion of about ninety degrees. Three-bladed primary radial beams are tetrahedral disposition, and connect with outer and inner shells. At the inner surface of outer shell, the primary radial beam usually ramifies some branches which distally amalgamate to lattice. The inner shell is spherical and moderate in size, and has the pores in irregular shape and size. Small needle-like by-spines or nodes are observed on the outer surface of inner shell.       (Based on 33 specimens) Diameter of outer shell 410-450µm, diameter of inner shell 85-130µm, thickness of outer shell 32-42µm, length of main spines 60-230µm, diameter of pore in outer shell 25-68µm, based on thirty-three specimens. Remarks:Kashiwara magna n. gen. and n. sp. is slightly similar to Triaenosphaera hebes Moon-Zoo from the Lower Carboniferous of the Rheinische Schiefergebirge in the disposition of main spine and spherical shell, but, the latter species has small test with stout and thick main spines in comparison with the former. Repository:Holotype: IGUT No. 6080, and paratypes: IGUT No. 6081-6088, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Japan. Type locality:Sample A7. Chert intercalated as a lenticular body in a Middle to Upper Jurassic black shale cropping out at the river bed of the Aki River near Kashiwara, west of Itsukaichi, Tokyo Prefecture, Central Japan. Original stratigraphic range:Guadalupian or more younger, Late Permian. Paleozoic.

Etymology:From the Latin magnus = big, or large.
Subsequent descriptions:?

Literature cited:- Deflandre, G. (1973c). Observations et remarques sur les Radiolaires Sphaerellaires du Paléozoique, à propos d'une nouvelle espèce, viséenne, du genre Foremaniella Defl., parfait intermédiaire entre les Périaxoplastidiés et les Pylentonémidés (New observations and remarks about the Sphaerellarian Radiolaria from the Paleozoic, a new Visean species of the genus Foremaniella Defl., true intermediary between the Periaxoplastids and the Pylentonemids). Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Sciences (Paris), Série II 276: 1147-1151.
- Sashida, K. and K. Tonishi (1985). Permian radiolarians from the Kanto Mountains, central Japan; some Upper Permian Spumellaria from Itsukaichi, western part of Tokyo Prefecture. Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences 6: 1-19.
- Won, M.-Z. (1983). Radiolarien aus dem Unterkarbon des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges(Deutschland) (Radiolaria from the Lower Carboniferous of the Rheinische Schiefergebirges (Germany)). Paläontographica. Abteilung A: Paläozoologie-Stratigraphie 182: 116-175.